I downloaded EU law and added it to the Italian-law graph
Direct answer: Italian law doesn’t live alone — it transposes directives, implements regulations, refers to European rules. For Open·Parlamento I took the EU Publications Office RDF bulk dump (56,292 acts available), parsed it, and integrated ~2,312 European statutes into the knowledge graph — regulations, directives, decisions — each with CELEX and ELI identifiers. Full-text ingestion via an EUR-Lex/CELLAR connector is the next step. Here’s the method and the real numbers, without inflating them.
TL;DR
- Source: EU Publications Office RDF bulk dump — 56,292 acts available.
- Integrated in the graph: ~2,312 acts as nodes (43% regulations, plus decisions, directives…), time span 1964–2025.
- Identity: each act has CELEX + ELI, to link it to the Italian statutes that implement or transpose it.
- Honesty: it’s metadata + title for most; full integral text requires the EUR-Lex/CELLAR connector, in progress.
Why EU law belongs in the graph
A large slice of Italian law is, in fact, European law in disguise: a legislative decree that transposes a directive, a national rule that implements a regulation. If the graph stops at Italy’s borders, it loses half the story. Adding EU law lets you answer questions like «which directive does this decree transpose» or «what’s the European legal basis of this rule» — exactly the links that today take hours of manual work.
The source: the EU Publications Office bulk dump
The EU publishes its acts as an RDF dump (CDM, Common Data Model) through the Publications Office. It’s the right path: no scraping, a structured and standard dump. The dump I processed contained 56,292 legislative acts.
From there I extracted, for each act, the key metadata: CELEX identifier, title (in Italian where available, with English fallback), date, type (regulation/directive/decision) and issuing authority.
The real numbers (no overclaim)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Acts available in the dump | 56,292 |
| Acts integrated in the graph | ~2,312 |
| Time span | 1964–2025 |
| Regulations | ~43% |
| Decisions | ~23% |
| Directives | ~6% |
| Other (opinions, etc.) | ~28% |
I want to be honest, because it’s the project’s principle: I have not yet ingested the full text of all EU law. I integrated thousands of acts as graph nodes (metadata + title), and those nodes are already navigable and linkable to Italian statutes. The next step is the integral full text via a dedicated EUR-Lex/CELLAR connector (SPARQL + content-negotiation on CELLAR), which will bring the body of the acts into the semantic engine.
The method: RDF + CDM, not scraping
Parsing is done on RDF files with rdflib, querying the EU’s CDM ontology. The real (and declared) difficulties: a share of acts had malformed or incomplete RDF, some lacked an Italian title, others had partial metadata. That’s why the clean-extraction rate was around 46% — a number that tells the reality of institutional dumps, not the brochure.
The shared identity: CELEX and ELI
The real value isn’t «having» the EU acts, but linking them: the graph is the door, the engine is the asset. Each European act has a CELEX (EUR-Lex’s classic ID) and an ELI: the same stable identifiers we use for Italian statutes. That’s what lets you trace an edge between an Italian legislative decree and the directive it transposes, or between a law and the EU regulation it implements — the heart of the «law ↔ law, no ambiguity» promise. It’s also the basis for surfacing inconsistencies and gaps that only surface when Italian and European rules sit in the same graph.
FAQ
Did you download all of EU law?
I downloaded the full EU Publications Office bulk dump (56,292 acts) and integrated ~2,312 as nodes in the graph. The integral full text of all acts requires the EUR-Lex/CELLAR connector, which is the next phase. I prefer to state the real numbers rather than say «all».
What is CELEX?
CELEX is the unique identifier EUR-Lex uses for every act of Union law. Together with ELI, it’s the stable key that lets you cite and link EU acts unambiguously, including to the national rules that implement them.
Why integrate the EU into the Italian-law graph?
Because much of Italian legislation transposes or implements European law. Without EU acts in the graph, the most important links are missing: which directive sits behind a decree, what the European legal basis of a rule is.
We link Italian and European statutes into a single citable graph — with stable identifiers, not paraphrases. Read more on why the asset is the graph, not the visualization, see how Open·Parlamento works, or let’s talk.
Related articles
- Chatbots and the AI Act: What Really Lands on 2 August 2026From 2 August 2026 Article 50 of the EU AI Act applies: your chatbot must disclose it is an AI and generated content must be marked. Fines up to €15M or 3% of global turnover.
- Agentic Commerce: When an AI Agent Is the One Buying From YouChatGPT and Google opened checkout inside the AI. Your next customer may never see your site — only whether your catalog is machine-readable. Here is what to fix today.
- llms.txt Does (Almost) Nothing: The Data, and Why I Recommended It97% of sites with a valid llms.txt got zero requests for the file. Google says no Search system reads it. Here is what to do instead — and who actually does use it.